Prenatal Diagnostics and Therapy

(Author: Dr. Andreas Worms)

	Introduction
	I. Ultrasound scanning during the first trimester
	I.1. Target and procedure
	I.2. Basics of embryonic development, ultrasound in the early weeks of pregnancy
	I.3. Determining the age of a pregnancy and term for the delivery
	I.4. Multiple pregnancies
	I.5. Nuchal translucency
	I.6. Malformations
	II. Ultrasound in the second trimester
	II.1. Target and procedure
	II.2. Head and central nervous system
	II.3. Chest, heart diagnostics
	II.4. Gastro-intestinal tract
	II.5. Urogenital tract
	II.6. Bone structure
	II.7. Other organ systems
	II.8. Multiple pregnancies
	III. Evaluation of risks related to chromosomal disorders
	III.1. Introduction to chromosomal disorders
	III.2. Age-related risks
	III.3. Biochemical tests
	III.4. Indications in ultrasound
	IV. Diagnostic methods for the exclusion of chromosomal disorders
	IV.1. Methods their value
	IV.2. Chorionic villus sampling
	IV.3. Amniocentesis
	IV.4. Umbilical vein sampling

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Gerhard Leyendecker